Within COMSOL Multiphysics, we can compute these fields and the impedance of a coax, as illustrated here. That is, the electric and magnetic fields both lie entirely in the cross-sectional plane. Over its range of operating frequencies, a coax operates in Tranverse Electro-Magnetic (TEM) mode, meaning that the electric and the magnetic field vectors have no component in the direction of wave propagation along the cable. A coaxial cable is a waveguide composed of an inner and outer conductor with a dielectric in between. We can begin our discussion of the Lumped Port boundary condition by looking at the fields in a coaxial cable. Let us look at what these boundary conditions mean and when they should be used. These situations call for the use of the Lumped Port and the Port boundary conditions. There are many other such cases where we know the form (but not the magnitude or phase) of the electromagnetic fields at some boundaries of our modeling domain. We know that the electromagnetic fields in the incoming and outgoing cables will have a certain form and that the energy is propagating in the direction normal to the cross section of the coax. Consider, for example, a coaxial splitter as shown here, which splits the signal from one coaxial cable (coax) equally into two. When modeling electromagnetic structures (e.g., antennas, waveguides, cavities, filters, and transmission lines), we can often limit our analysis to one small part of the entire system. Simplify Your Modeling with Boundary Conditions Here, we will look at the Lumped Port boundary condition available in the RF Module and the Port boundary condition, which is available in both the RF Module and the Wave Optics Module.
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When using the COMSOL Multiphysics software to simulate wave electromagnetics problems in the frequency domain, there are several options for modeling boundaries through which a propagating electromagnetic wave will pass without reflection.
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